. Start studying Lewis Dot Structure Practice. [6] ZnS was used by Ernest Rutherford and others in the early years of nuclear physics as a scintillation detector, because it emits light upon excitation by x-rays or electron beam, making it useful for X-ray screens and cathode ray tubes. Ranges of elemental compositions in bulk mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal mineral deposits. Ba, barium; C, carbon; Ca, calcium; Fe, iron; Na, sodium; O, oxygen; S, sulfur; Si, silicon; Sr, strontium; Zn, zinc. Peng’s group reported that doping of impurities can be decoupled from the nucleation and growth by carefully adjusting the reaction conditions, which led to the design of two strategies: nucleation doping and growth doping [23]. has been prepared by thermal decomposition of inorganic cluster precursors [325]. Zinc is in the +2 oxidation state and chlorine has a valence of -1. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. TECTONICS | Hydrothermal Vents At Mid-Ocean Ridges, Data from Haymon RM (1989) Hydrothermal processes and products on the Galapagos Rift and East Pacific Rise. Cheriton, J.P. Gupta, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), 2005. The given inorganic compound is zinc sulfide which is an insoluble compound. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The zinc chloride is an inorganic compound consisting of zinc or zinc element (Zn) and chlorine (Cl). CaS has been studied as a component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue-gas desulfurization.Like many salts containing sulfide ions, CaS typically has an odour of H 2 S, which results from small amount of this gas formed by hydrolysis of the salt. 58) Ionic bonds result from the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Found inside – Page 107See Zn ; ZnS ; ZnSe Zirconium . ... 227-236 ( 1987 ) S Laser - induced damage in dense optical thin films ( Lewis , K. L .; Pitt , A. M .; Cullis , A. G . [5], Fine ZnS powder is an efficient photocatalyst, which produces hydrogen gas from water upon illumination. Thin films of Cd 1−x Zn x S (CZS) were prepared by a novel spin coating/melt method from cadmium ethylxanthato [Cd(C 2 H 5 OCS 2) 2] and zinc ethylxanthato [Zn(C 2 H 5 OCS 2) 2] in x ratios of 0-0.15 and of 1. The color changes from light yellow, slight gray, brown, and slight ochre, which is produced by the ochre, the black, and the white pigments (Figure 12a). Karl A. Franz, Wolfgang G. Kehr, Alfred Siggel, Jürgen Wieczoreck, and Waldemar Adam "Luminescent Materials" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Seafloor weathering of deposits after active venting ceases results in dissolution of anhydrite and in oxidation and dissolution of metal sulphide minerals. The chemical equation is given by: . ), Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Identification of Historical Pigments in Wall Layers by Combination of Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy. It forms as a discrete solid phase since Zn is not incorporated to any significant extent within sedimentary pyrite (Luther et al., 1980, Morse, 1994). Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Zhang and Millero (1994) assumed that the Zn–sulfide complexes were similar in form to the Fe-, Co-, and Ni–sulfide complexes and proposed [Zn(HS)]+ and [Zn(HS)2]0. The structure may be tetrahedral or orthorhombic depended on the hydration state. The angle of rotation is. Typical ridge crest hydrothermal deposits are dominantly composed of iron, copper, and zinc sulphide minerals (see MINERALS | Sulphides); calcium and barium sulphate minerals (see MINERALS | Sulphates); iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide minerals; and silicate minerals (Table 1). After nucleation, the reaction conditions were tuned to preferentially activate the growth of the host, while the dopant precursor was rendered inactive and its growth was quenched. Aqua regia. Found inside... coated with a substance (usually calcium tungstate or zinc sulfide) that will ... of internal body organs or internal structures of inanimate objects. It is an intrinsic semiconductor with a band gap of about 2.70 eV at 25 °C (77 °F). The InS is one of the nontoxic friendly buffer layers for thin film solar cells, which consists of different structures. Mining operations are likely to include multiple vent sites; therefore, understanding the spatial differences in biodiversity, larval connectivity and the cumulative impacts of mining is important for understanding the overall risk to hydrothermal vent biodiversity. [9], ZnS powders containing different concentrations of sulfur vacancies, sphalerite: [SH+2]12[ZnH2-2][SH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SH+2]([ZnH-2]14)[ZnH-2]1[S+2]5([ZnH-2]38)[Zn-2]26[SH+2]2[ZnH-2]([S+2]4)[SH+2]1[ZnH2-2][SH+2]3[ZnH-2]2[S+2][ZnH-2]([SH+2]6[ZnH-2]([SH+2])[SH+2]68)[SH+2]([ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]35, wurtzite: [ZnH2-2]1[S+2]47[ZnH-2]2[S+2][ZnH-2]3[S+2]8([ZnH2-2][SH+2]([ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]4[S+2][ZnH-2]5[S+2]6([ZnH2-2]6)[Zn-2]78[S+2]78[ZnH-2]([SH+2]69)[SH+2]5[ZnH2-2][SH+2]4[ZnH-2]7[SH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SH+2]2[ZnH-2]8[SH+2]1[ZnH2-2]9, wurtzite: [ZnH2-2]1[SH+2]([ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH2-2][SH+2]7[ZnH-2]2[S+2][Zn-2]3([S+2][ZnH-2]9[S+2]5)[S+2]18[Zn-2]45[S+2][ZnH-2]5[SH+2]6[Zn-2]78[S+2]78[ZnH2-2][SH+2]5[ZnH2-2][S+2]4([ZnH2-2][SH+2]9[ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH-2]7[S+2]34[ZnH2-2][SH+2]2[ZnH2-2]8, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. Lewis Dot Structures: Polyatomic Ions Just as the Lewis dot structure can visualize molecules, it can also visualize polyatomic ions, which are ions containing multiple atoms. Found inside – Page 98Draw the Lewis structure of the hydrosulfide b . ... compound , or mixture : a . zinc sulfide b . blood C. selenium d . sea water e . sodium fluoride 78. Table 1. Zinc sulfide appears as a yellowish-white powder in a liquid. Leadership . Here the atoms of the two kinds are connected tetrahedrally: four equidistant S atoms, which occupy the apexes of a tetrahedron, surround one Zn atom. The proper choice of precursors and the implementation of a kinetically driven low-temperature growth regime afforded control over dopant levels, which were as high as 12%. Lead (IV) Sulfide. It contains a zinc (2+). An explanation of the Lewis dot structure. Zinc sulfide alpha scintillator. An important step was achieved in 1994 when it was found that co-doping EuII and DyIII into strontium aluminate, SrAl2O4:EuII,DyIII, resulted in a brighter phosphor that increasingly replaced the historical zinc sulfide materials. In this video I will show the Lewis structure for ionic compound for aluminum oxide, Al2O3. Found inside – Page 634For example , zinc and sulfur react vigorously to produce zinc sulfide . ... S ( s ) + SO32- ( aq ) S2O32- ( aq ) The Lewis structure for the S2032 - ion is ... The sensitive part of the detector is covered by a thin aluminized Mylar® window. Ammonia, cyanide, magnesium, phenols, sulfide, copper, iron, and zinc, as well as total suspended solids (TSS) and oil and grease, are waste substances that are common to the scrubber blow-down from all three types of facilities. (1996) suggested a formulation, Zn4S6−4. Zinc sulfide is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula (ZnS). What is the balanced chemical reaction? . inorganic chemistry, Solubility of inorganic compounds All Metal sulfides dissolve in dilute acids and produce hydrogen sulfide gas and metal salt.. CuS + HCl → CuCl 2 + H 2 S. As an example, copper sulfide (CuS) is a black precipitate and dissolve in dilute HCl acid and form blue color CuCl 2 solution. Pigment Yellow 35, yet another solid solution, is CdS • xZnS {9}. The Chemistry of Oxygen. However, they noted that a complex with the form of [Zn4(HS)6(OH)4]2− could equally well fit their data. Indeed, wurtzite interlayers have been observed in approx. Le nombre d'électrons célibataires nous renseigne sur le nombre de liaisons possibles de l'atome, qu'on appelle « valence ». RESEARCH ARTICLE Synthesis of a "Masked" Terminal Zinc Sulfide and its Reactivity with Brønsted and Lewis Acids Miguel Á. Baeza Cinco,[a] Guang Wu,[a] Nikolas Kaltsoyannis*[b] and Trevor W. Hayton*[a] Abstract: The "masked" terminal Zn sulfide, [K(2.2.2- Finance . Zinc sulfide (ZnS) structure is obtained by the penetration of two fcc lattices: one fcc lattice composed of Zn atoms and the other of S atoms (see Fig. Chemists usually indicate a bonding pair by a single . 60) The ionic formula for zinc oxide is ZnO2. The sodium cations fill all of the octahedral holes in a ccp lattice of chloride anions. (Y or N) 1. carbon tetrabromide CBr 4 2. sulfate ion 3. hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) 4. bromine trichloride BrCl 3 5. nitrate ion 6. xenon tetrafluoride XeF 4 7. phosphorous trifluoride PF 3 Wet scrubbers are used extensively at die cast facilities. Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Prasanta K. Misra, in Physics of Condensed Matter, 2012. These minerals precipitate from diverse processes, including heating of seawater; cooling of hydrothermal fluid; mixing between seawater and hydrothermal fluid; reaction of hydrothermal minerals with fluid, seawater, or fluid–seawater mixtures; reaction between hydrothermal fluid and seafloor rocks and sediments; and reactions that are biologically mediated or catalysed. Linear Formula: Phillip J. Turner, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Third Edition), 2019. lewis dot beryllium diagram . The zinc behind the mask: The "masked" terminal Zn sulfide, [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][MeLZn(S)] (MeL={(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)NC(Me)}2CH), displays high Brønsted and Lewis basicity in its reactions with phenylacetyl. How To Determine The Lewis Dot Structure Of Copper Ii Sulfide Quora Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. So we cannot identify zinc sulfide and zinc carbonate from dissolving. In addition to ZnS. Clockwise or anticlockwise rotation of the polarization plane is related only to the direction of the applied magnetic field (generated by the current circulating in a solenoid) and is independent of that of the light beam. The sodium cations fill all of the octahedral holes in a ccp lattice of chloride anions. In water, this combines with 4 inner-shell H2O molecules to give an overall formulation of [Zn4S6(H2O)4]4−. The effect of structural inhomogeneities on the optical loss in the material in . In: Winterer EL, Hussong DM, and Decker RW (eds. The most common ore is zinc blende (ZnS), which is found in association with lead, iron, and other sulfides. The evaporation conditions for ZnS have been described by Cox and Hass [19]. Sphalerite is the stable phase at low temperatures and is a fairly common trace mineral in sulfidic sediments. b: Structure for the ring [Zn3S3(H2O)6]0 (Reprinted with permission from Rickard, D. and Luther, G.W. Then, the vector connecting the two basis atoms is given by. The sphalerite crystallizes in cubic system with perfect cleavage, and simple contact twinning. ZnS can be doped as either an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor. Spots and areas of barium, silicon, sulfur, and iron are seen in the finishing layers (Figures 13c–f, respectively). Chimneys can be classified broadly by composition into five groups: sulphate-rich, copper-rich, zinc-rich, silica-rich, and carbonate-rich structures. Thickness of the films can be calculated from spectral transmittance curve if multiple interference maxima and minima exit. particle size 45 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.9%. It is the . Yellow ochre is a natural mineral consisting of silica and clay; it owes its color to an iron oxyhydroxide mineral, goethite. Among white pigments barium sulfate and zinc white were chosen. Subba Ramaiah Kodigala, in Thin Films and Nanostructures, 2010. (1999a,b) agreed with Daskalakis and Helz (1993) that Zn thiolate chemistry (Blower and Dilworth, 1987) suggest that the ZnS cluster with 2:3 stoichiometry is likely to be a tetramer and the acid–base titration data of Luther et al. Copper is found in scrubber blow-down from magnesium die casting facilities, and copper is a normal ingredient of scrubber blow-down from zinc die casting facilities. The grains of ochre pigments contain more iron and oxygen (S1, S2, S3) than the surroundings, which suggests the pigment is one of the ochre pigments rich in iron. The most common zinc ore is sphalerite ((Zn, Fe)S), which largely comprises of zinc sulfide and some variable iron. Iron or steel objects are degreased, followed by immersion in a bath of molten zinc at 455°C. Synthesis of a "Masked" Terminal Zinc Sulfide and its Reactivity with Brønsted and Lewis Acids. (15)–(17): The sulfate concentration is reduced in a single step from 5–15 to 0.05 g L−1, while the zinc concentration is reduced from 100 to <0.3 mg L−1, recovering about 8.5 tons of zinc sulfide a day.30,68 The recovered zinc sulfide can directly be used in the zinc smelter to produce zinc. The structure of polycrystalline zinc sulfide grown by chemical vapor deposition has been studied, and stacking faults have been revealed in the cubic matrix of crystals, which lead to a striated subgranular structure. These hydrates of ZnCl 2 are either white in colour or colourless. W.R. Hunter, in Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, 2000. Oxygen is the most abundant element on this planet. Economics. Average mass 271.330 Da. Found inside – Page 14Since both, iron and zinc, enable persulfide transfer, the examination of the structures of the NFS1–ISCU complexes solved with zinc may help elucidate this ... Typical ridge crest hydrothermal deposits are dominantly composed of iron, copper, and zinc sulphide minerals (see MINERALS | Sulphides); calcium and barium sulphate minerals (see MINERALS | Sulphates); iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide minerals; and silicate minerals (Table 1). The band gap of semiconductor increases with increasing doping concentration (ne) because the electrons occupy the lowest states in the conduction band in the form of electron gas for n-type. The zinc behind the mask: The "masked" terminal Zn sulfide, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][MeLZn(S)] (MeL={(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC(Me)}2CH), displays high Brønsted and Lewis basicity in its reactions with phenylacetyl. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid. N2 - This work investigates tuning of the molecular structure of a series of O-alkylxanthato zinc and cadmium precursor complexes to enhance production of ZnS and CdS materials used in solar cells. The hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. Moreover, by sharing a bonding pair with oxygen, each hydrogen atom now has a full valence shell of two electrons. Globally, active vents are estimated to cover ~ 50 km2, less than 1% of the total area of Yellowstone National Park (Van Dover et al., 2018). Coupling doping with nucleation and growth. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The hexagonal form is known as the mineral wurtzite, although it also can be produced synthetically. Zinc also forms complex. In a way similar to that already illustrated for EO devices, intensity magnetooptic modulators are implemented by inserting a Faraday rotator between two (crossed) polarizers. ZnS + 2 HCl → ZnCl_2 + H_2S Zinc sulfide react with hydrogen chloride to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen sulfide. Organic product synthesis - Organic products are synthesized in the laboratory for the preparation of Lewis acid reaction . SO 4 2-.Lewis Structure (Sulfate ion). In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers. Prior to the reaction, nanocubes were prepared through sol-gel method using monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol, and anhydrous citric acid as the stabilizing, cross linking/structure directing agents, respectively. More recently, colloidal Mn-doped ZnSe nanowires with diameters in the range of 1–3 nm and lengths up to 200 nm were prepared from Li4[Zn10Se4(SPh)16] clusters and manganese stearate [327]. Found inside – Page 133this case the maximum coincides with that of the Lewis acidity (again cf. ... g +4.8H0 é +4.0Ho é +3.3 Type NiSO.1 - xH20 O O O B+L O ZnS O O X B1 + L O S10 ... The chapter discusses the fabrication of different n-type window or buffer layers, such as CdS, zinc sulfide (ZnS), indium sulfide (InS), and so on, and their surface, structural, optical, and electrical properties. Testing zinc ion | Qualitative Analysis of Zn 2+. The specific gravity is between 3.9 and 4.2, and hardness between 3.5 and 4.0. FIG. High-frequency (up to a few gigahertz) magnetooptic modulators, based on a thin film of bismuth-garnet materials (such as MnBi, Bi:YIG, and Bi3Lu3Fe5O12), have been recently developed. An amorphous membrane such as zinc sulfide appeared to be promising. Found inside – Page 1220... Muit 07910 Absorption , sulfohalite , structure : Oss Keiichi . ... 00853 Thulium in zinc sulfide , cathode - ray - excited : Larach , Simon . This diversity in the processes and environments of mineral precipitation results in deposition of many different minerals and elements (Tables 1 and 2). Zinc sulfide doped with transition metals, for instance, copper and cobalt, has long been used in conjunction with 226Ra as excitation source in luminous paints for watch and clock dials. Another technique that adds molecular information (e.g., micro-Raman spectroscopy) needs to be used for its positive identification. A: The compound considered is zinc sulfide (ZnS) that occurs as zinc blende crystal structure. Levels of zinc sulfide of 14–21% give a green or primrose shade whilst 1–7% gives a redder shade achieving a “golden” hue. It can be used planar as an optical window or shaped into a lens. Lewis dot structure How to Draw Lewis Structure 5 Questions on Ionic/Covalent Bonding Structure of a Atom Explain why oxygen atoms are neutral. This diversity in the processes and environments of mineral precipitation results in deposition of many different minerals and elements (Tables 1 and 2). Molecule Lewis Dot Structure # Bonds on Central Atom # non-bonded pairs of electrons on central atom General "ABX" Formula Does the particle resonate? Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) - Zinc Sulfate is the chemical name of ZnSO4. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Miguel Baeza Cinco. (a) Optical and (b) SEM image (Back-scattered electrons image) of the same area of a polished cross section of the sample taken from the St. Clement Church. The most common method of coating is hot-dip galvanizing. Found inside – Page 682Structural and chemical organization of teeth . Vol.2 . ... Exciton structure and magneto - optical effects in zinc sulfide . ), India (650,000 tonnes), Bolivia (460,000 tonnes), Kazakhstan (340,000 tonnes), Canada (310,000 tonnes), and Sweden (250,000 tonnes). Found inside – Page 39[43] Kimball, G.M., Lewis, N.S. & Atwater, H.A. (2010) Mg doping and alloying in Zn3P2 heterojunction solar cells. In Proceedings of 35th Photovoltaic ... [4] It also exhibits phosphorescence due to impurities on illumination with blue or ultraviolet light. Sphalerite (ZnS), dark brown color with isometric-hextetrahedral crystal is the primary ore of zinc, Zawar Mine, India. This is surprising since wurtzite is only stable with respect to sphalerite at high temperatures (>900 °C). Zinc has a melting point of 419.58°C, a boiling point of 907°C, a specific gravity of 7.133 (25°C), with a valence of 2. (The arrangement of sulfide ions is identical to the arrangement of chloride ions in sodium chloride.) More sophisticated synthetic strategies have been designed to circumvent this problem. Lewis suggested a means of keeping track of outer. Solutions containing Zn2+ salts readily form a precipitate ZnS in the presence of sulfide ions (e.g., from H2S). Synthesis of a "Masked" Terminal Zinc Sulfide and Its Reactivity with Brønsted and Lewis Acids. Answer: 9)Calculate the Enthalpy of. In 2016 worldwide production was estimated at 11.9 Mt with reserves of 220 Mt [46]. ZnSe rarely occurs in nature, and is found in the mineral that was named after Hans Stille called " stilleite ." Ammonium sulfide and zinc chloride solutions are mixed. The chemical formula for the compound could be written as ZnO with a molecular mass of approx. A molecule of zinc chloride has an ionic bond between the zinc cation . In addition, the preparation and characteristics of transparent n-type conducting layers, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), ITO, and FTO layers are described for CIGS thin film solar cell applications. Cao and co-workers further developed the growth-doping strategy to separate the one-pot growth doping into three steps: (1) synthesis of host particles, (2) dopant growth, and (3) host–shell growth. Economics. Zinc Chloride Structure. Review - Bohr & Lewis Dot Diagrams. When combined with barium sulfate, zinc sulfide forms lithopone. Source: https://streetsignals.com/…mining/zinc/the-top-10-zinc-producing-countries-in-the-world. (1999, 2001) characterized Zn polysulfide complexes. Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc sulfide to form zinc chloride and hydrogen sulfide. This record has not been tagged. Found inside – Page 151Write the formula for each of the following compounds: a. sodium oxide h. ... d. copper(II) nitrate k. zinc sulfide b. lattice energy of NH4Br e. selenium ... The two fcc lattices are oriented parallel to each other and the corner of one cube is placed on the body diagonal of the other cube at a distance of one quarter of the length of the diagonal. High concentrations of strategic and precious metals are found in some deposits (Table 2). Incorporation of barium sulfate during manufacture produces a lithophone version, Pigment Yellow 35:1. For the growth-doping strategy, the formation of the small host ZnSe NCs occurred under established synthetic conditions and was quenched by lowering the reaction temperature. It is made as microcrystalline sheets by the synthesis from hydrogen sulfide gas and zinc vapour, and this is sold as FLIR-grade (Forward Looking Infrared), where the zinc sulfide is in a milky-yellow, opaque form. it attracts and captures the water . In addition, aluminum and nickel are found in scrubber blow-down from aluminum die casting facilities. Zinc metal is located in 4 th period in the periodic table and belongs to the d block. Found inside – Page 390In the structures assumed by zinc sulphide, zincblende and wurtzite, ... co-ionic bonding can be used, following the suggestion of Lewis (1916). Plumes generated by sulfide mining will contain fine particles of polymetallic sulfide but to date very little is known about the toxicological effects of such particles on pelagic and infaunal organisms (Weaver et al., 2018). Zinc has an electron configuration of [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 and is a member of the group 12 of the periodic table.It is a moderately reactive metal and strong reducing agent. Monoisotopic mass 271.920746 Da. Zinc Chloride Structure. Both sphalerite and wurtzite are intrinsic, wide-bandgap semiconductors. Zinc Sulfide. [7] This property made zinc sulfide useful in the dials of radium watches. This is the main form of zinc found in nature, where it mainly occurs as the mineral sphalerite.Although this mineral is usually black because of various impurities, the pure material is white, and it is widely used as a pigment. Subsequently, Strouse and co-workers developed the synthesis of d-NCs through thermal heating of inorganic cluster precursors [50]. Found inside – Page 688( Cl . 315--20 ) 2,709,765 ELECTROLUMINESCENT STRUCTURE Lewis R. Koller ... vapor - deposited conducting layer of activated zinc sulfide of the order of ... 2. Zinc sulfide exhibits phosphorescence so it is used in products like cathode rays, X-ray screens, and glow in the dark objects. A likely membrane for future testing of high-temperature hydrogen separation from a gasification product stream was targeted as an inorganic analog of a dense-metal membrane, where the hydrogen would dissolve into and diffuse through the membrane structure. (1999a,b) reported that their polymetallic Zn–sulfide complexes were essentially clusters according to Cotton et al.’s (1999) definition cited above. Found inside – Page 743Alurinua core structures brazed without use of flur A - PS - 659 B66-10360 ... thin - wall tungsten tubing LEWIS - 90335 B67-10355 ZINC COOPOUNDS lev eethod ... Note that an atom has twelve 1NN atoms of the same kind and a unit cell contains four ZnS molecules. Landing and Lewis, 1992). 16. ZnO could be present. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
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